| FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN RUMINANTS AND PIGS - EXOTIC- ZOONOSIS | |
| Description | Foot And Mouth Disease is a vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals that has been eradicated in some regions but remains an important constraint on trade in live animals and animal products worldwide. Foot And Mouth Disease Virus is an APTHOVIRUS in the family Picornaviridae, grows rapidly, is stable under a variety of conditions, and can be carried by asymptomatic animals. Mortality can be high in younger animals but rarely is above 5% in adults. Myocarditis can cause sudden death, particularly in neonates. |
| Species | Bovine, Caprine, Ovine, Porcine |
| Signs | Abortion or weak newborns, Agalactia, Anorexia, Arrhythmia, Dullness, Excessive salivation, Fever, Forefoot pain, Forelimb lameness, Forelimb pain, Generalized lameness or stiffness, Hindfoot pain, Hindlimb lameness, Hindlimb pain, Inability to stand, Mammary gland swelling, Mastitis, Mucoid nasal discharge, Nail, claw, hoof sloughing, Oral mucosal ulcers, vesicles, Reluctant to move, Skin vesicles, Sudden death, Tongue ulcers, vesicles, Weight loss |
| References | Balinda SN et al. Prevalence Estimates of Antibodies Towards Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Small Ruminants in Uganda. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2009;56:362-371 [Web Reference] Marshall ES et al. Results of a survey to estimate cattle movements and contact rates among beef herds in California, with reference to the potential spread and control of foot-and-mouth disease. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2009;235:573-579 [Web Reference] Ayelet G et al. Genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses, Ethiopia, 1981–2007. Emerg Infect Dis 2009 Sep [Web Reference] Valarcher J-F et al. Multiple origins of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia 1 outbreaks, 2003–2007. Emerg Infect Dis 2009 Jul [Web Reference] Madhanmohan M et al. Immune Response in Goats to Two Commercial Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines and the Assessment of Maternal Immunity in Their Kids. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2009;56:49-53 [Web Reference] Cox SJ, Barnett PV. Experimental evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines for emergency use in ruminants and pigs: a review. Vet Res 2009;40:13 [Web Reference] McLaws M et al. Factors associated with the early detection of foot-and-mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the United Kingdom. Can Vet J 2009;50:53–60 [Web Reference] Orsel K et al. Foot and mouth disease virus transmission during the incubation period of the disease in piglets, lambs, calves, and dairy cows. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2009;88:158-163 [Web Reference] |