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Cell Markers

Below is a list of currently available immunohistochemical markers. The Cell Markers Table provides additional information on each marker

  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Anti-Mullerian hormone/MIS B-11
  • Anti-myelin protein zero
  • BLA.36
  • Calcitonin
  • Calponin
  • Calretinin
  • CD117 (c-kit)
  • CD20
  • CD204
  • CD3
  • CD31
  • CD45-B220
  • CD45RA
  • CD56 (NCAM)
  • Chromogranin A
  • CK AE1/AE3
  • CK19
  • CK20
  • CK7
  • CNPase
  • Desmin
  • E-cadherin
  • FoxP3
  • Gastrin
  • GFAP
  • Glucagon
  • HepPar1
  • Iba1
  • Inhibin alpha
  • Insulin
  • Ki67
  • Mac387 (Myeloid/Histiocytic Antigen)
  • MAP2
  • Melan-A
  • MUM1 (IRF-4)
  • Muscle actin
  • Myeloperoxidase
  • Myoglobin
  • NeuN
  • Neurofilament (70, 160, 200 kDa)
  • NRAS (RAS p.Q61R)
  • Olig2
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • PAX5 (Avian)
  • PAX5 (Mammalian)
  • PCNA
  • Periaxin
  • PGP9.5
  • PNL2
  • PROX1
  • S100
  • Sarcomeric actin
  • Smooth muscle actin
  • Somatostatin
  • SOX2
  • SOX10
  • SSTR2
  • Synaptophysin
  • TLR-4
  • TTF1
  • Uroplakin III
  • Vimentin
  • vWF
  • WT1
  • α-1-antitrypsin
  • α-fetoprotein (AFP)
  • β-amyloid precursor protein
  • β-catenin
  • βIII-tubulin

Cell Markers Table

AntibodySecondary usedAntibody ExplanationLaboratory recommended controlManufacturer's listed speciesSpecies evaluated in laboratory
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)MouseHormone, used to identify cells producing this hormone (such as in tumors)Pituitary glandHuman, mouseCanine, equine
Anti-Mullerian hormone/MIS B-11MouseReproductive hormonePancreasMouse, rat, human, equine, canine, bovine, pigCanine, equine
Anti-myelin protein zeroRabbitMarker of peripheral nervous system myelinPeripheral nerveMouse, rat, humanCanine, equine, ruminant
BLA.36MouseB-cell and dendritic cell markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilHuman, mouseCanine, feline, ruminant, sloth, alpaca
CalcitoninRabbitHormone; produced by the C-cells of the thyroid glandThyroid glandHumanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, ring-tailed lemur
CalponinRabbitMarker of smooth muscleMammary gland, intestineHuman, mouse, rat, canine, pigCanine, bovine, feline, equine, guinea pig, rat, hedgehog
CalretininRabbitMarker of mesothelial cells and subsets of neuronsBrainHumanCanine
CD117 (c-kit)RabbitMarker of mast cells, melanocytes, interstitial cells of Cajal, and othersMast cell tumorHumanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, hedgehog
CD20RabbitB-cell markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilHuman, mouse, canine, feline, ruminant, ratCanine, equine, feline, ruminant, ferret, sloth, porcine, cervid, porcupine
CD204MouseMacrophage markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilMouse, humanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, porcine, rabbit
CD3MouseT-cell markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilHumanCanine, equine, chicken, ruminant, feline, ferret, llama, snake, rabbit, sloth, sugar glider, pig, bearded dragon, cervid, hedgehog, porcupine, rat, likely all species
CD31MouseMarker of endothelial cellsIntestineMouse, humanCanine, feline, equine, rabbit, ferret, hyrax, porcupine
CD45-B220RatB-cell markerLymph node, spleenMouse, humanFeline
CD45RAMouseNaïve T-cell and B-cell markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilRatCanine
CD56 (NCAM)MouseNatural killer cells, glia and neuronsLymph node, spleen, tonsilHuman, rat, zebrafishCanine, feline, ruminant
Chromogranin AMouseMajor component of secretory granules in the endocrine and neuroendocrine systemAdrenal gland medullaHumanCanine, feline, primate, hedgehog, california sea lion
CK AE1/AE3MouseBroad epithelial markerSkinHumanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, avian, likely all species
CK19MouseCertain epithelium - including biliary, luminal mammaryLiverHumanCanine, feline, ferret, hyrax
CK20MouseCertain epithelium - including gastrointestinal, urothelium, Merkel cellsColon, small intestineHumanCanine, feline, ruminant, rabbit
CK7MouseCertain epithelium -  including urinary bladder epithelium, biliary epitheliumLungHumanCanine, feline, ruminant
CNPaseMouseMarker of myelinBrain, spinal cordMouse, rat, canine, human, rhesus monkey, sheep, rabbit, bovine, porcineCanine
DesminMouseMuscle marker - cardiac, smooth, skeletalSkeletal muscleHumanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, avian
E-cadherinMouseAdhesion molecule - including epithelial cells, canine Langerhands cellsStomach, kidneyHuman, rat, mouse, canineCanine, feline
FoxP3RatRegulatory T-cell markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilBovine, canine, feline, mouse, pig, rat, fish, humanCanine, equine
GastrinRabbitHormone produced by G cells in the stomach, duodenum, and pancreasStomach (pylorus)HumanCanine
GFAPRabbitMarker of astrocytes, ependymal cells, and Muller cells of the retinaBrain, spinal cordHumanCanine, feline, equine, alpaca, galago
GlucagonRabbitPancreatic hormonePancreasHuman, rat, mouseCanine, equine, rat
HepPar1MouseMarker of hepatocytesLiverHumanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, ferret
Iba1RabbitMonocyte/macrophage markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilHuman, rat, mouseCanine, equine, feline, porcine, llama, galago, cervid, sugar glider, monkey, porcupine, rat, hedgehog, bearded dragon, sloth
Inhibin alphaMouseHormone produced by the ovaries and testes, as well as other tissuesOvaryHumanCanine, equine
InsulinMousePancreatic hormonePancreasHumanCanine, feline, ferret, monkey, rabbit
Ki67MouseCellular proliferationSmall intestineHumanCanine, feline, ruminant
Mac387 (Myeloid/Histiocytic Antigen)MouseMacrophage markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilHumanCanine, feline, rabbit
MAP2MouseMarker of neurons and glial cellsBrain, spinal cordHumanCanine, feline, ruminant, avian, gibbon, porcupine
Melan-AMouseMelanocytic markerMelanoma or skin with melanocytesHumanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, rabbit
MUM1 (IRF-4)RabbitPlasma cell markerLymph node, spleen, tonsil, intestineHumanCanine, equine
Muscle actinMouseMuscle markerSkeletal muscleHuman, monkey, rabbitCanine
MyeloperoxidaseMouseEnzyme in neutrophilsBone marrowHumanCanine
MyoglobinRabbitMuscle markerSkeletal muscleHumanCanine
NeuNMouseMarker of neuronsBrain, spinal cordHuman, rat, mouse, ferret, avian, salamanderCanine, feline
Neurofilament (70, 160, 200 kDa)MouseMarker of neuronsBrain, spinal cordHumanCanine, feline, equine
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)MouseMarker of neurons and neuroendocrine cellsBrain, spinal cordHumanCanine, porcine, feline, equine, avian
NRAS (RAS p.Q61R)RabbitMarker for mutation in canine acanthomatous ameloblastomaCAAHumanCanine
Olig2RabbitMarker of oligodendrocytesBrain, spinal cordMouse, rat, humanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, avian
Parathyroid hormoneMouseHormone produced by the parathyroid glandsParathyroid glandHuman, canine, bovine, monkeyCanine
PAX5 (Avian)MouseB-cell markerBursaHuman, mouseChicken
PAX5 (Mammalian)MouseB-cell markerLymph node, spleen, tonsilHumanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, ferret, alpaca, sugar glider, porcupine, cervid
PCNAMouseCellular proliferationIntestine, Spleen, LiverHumanCanine
PeriaxinRabbitMarker of myelinPeripheral nerve, spinal cordHumanCanine, equine
PGP9.5RabbitMarker of neurons and neuroendocrine cellsAdrenal glandHumanCanine, equine
PNL2MouseMelanocytic markerMelanomaHuman, mouseCanine, feline, equine
PROX1RabbitMarker of lymphatic endotheliumSmall intestineHuman, mouse, ratCanine, feline, lemur
S100RabbitBroad cell marker, including cells of the central and peripheral nervous systemBrain, spinal cordHumanCanine, feline, equine, avian, turtle, porcupine
Sarcomeric actinMouseMuscle markerSkeletal muscleHumanCanine, feline
Smooth muscle actinMouseMuscle marker - smooth muscleSmall intestineHumanCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, avian, rabbit, hedgehog, pig, guinea pig, non-human primate, chiroptera
SomatostatinRabbitHormone produced by pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and hypothalamusPancreasHuman, mouse, ratCanine
SOX2MouseStem cell markerBrain, spinal cordCanine, fish, human, mouse, bovineCanine
SOX10RabbitMarker of neural crest cellsBrain, spinal cordHuman, mouse, ratCanine
SSTR2RabbitReceptor for somatostatinPancreasHuman, mouse, porcineCanine
SynaptophysinRabbitMarker of neurons and neuroendocrine cellsBrain, spinal cordMouse, ratCanine, feline, non-human primate, ferret, california sea lion, bearded dragon
TLR-4RabbitBinds lipopolysaccharide; marker of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and many T-cellsLiverHuman, mouse, ratFeline
TTF1MouseMarker thyroid gland and pulmonary carcinomaPulmonary carcinoma, thyroidHumanCanine, feline, equine, avian
Uroplakin IIIMouseMarker of urotheliumUrinary bladderHuman, bovine, rat, porcineCanine
VimentinMouseBroad mesenchymal markerSkinMouseCanine, feline, equine, ruminant, avian
vWFRabbitMarker of endothelial cellsSkinHumanCanine, feline, equine, lemur
WT1RabbitMarker for nephroblastomaCanine nephroblastomaHuman, mouse, ratCanine, hedgehog
α-1-antitrypsinRabbitAcute phase protein of the liverLiver, lungHumanCanine
α-fetoprotein (AFP)MouseMarker of embryonic developmentSuprasellar germ cell tumorHumanCanine, eqiune, red panda
β-amyloid precursor proteinMousePresent in neuronal tissue as a breakdown productBrainMouse, rat, humanCanine
β-cateninMouseMarker of cellular adhesionIntestineMouse, rat, humanCanine
βIII-tubulinRabbitMarker of neuronsSpinal cordHuman, mouseCanine, equine