The College of Veterinary Medicine uses HydroCremation: a state-of-the-art, water-based, proven process to prepare your pet—from parakeets to draft horses—for final resting. Safer for the environment and for society than the traditional method, the College’s sustainable approach produces 90 percent less greenhouse gas emissions and is used at multiple animal health facilities in North America.
Your pet will be carefully identified throughout the process and is cremated in an individual vessel. We use individual tracking tags and unique identification numbers, ensuring the highest degree of accuracy possible until your loved one’s ashes are returned in a sealed container with a certificate of cremation. Wooden urns are available upon request.
Arrangements can be made by pet owners, their representatives, or their veterinarians. Animals can be brought to the College of Veterinary Medicine or to a participating animal hospital. Please call to schedule an appointment and for directions.

Anyone who has suffered the loss of a loved one knows how difficult it can be to navigate the grieving process and to say goodbye. The emotional pain is just as deep for a person who has lost the companionship and love of a beloved pet.
Pets are much-loved members of millions of families. Meaningful and mutually beneficial relationships characterize human-animal bonds that can make it very difficult when our pets pass. For someone who has truly loved a pet, the loss of that animal can feel just as devastating as a human loss, as the very characteristics that make animals different than humans often make them more endearing. Like grief for humans, grief for animal companions is most effectively reconciled with time and in stages.
Grieving is a process of physical, emotional, social, and cognitive reactions to loss and the process will be different for everyone. Studies have found that people oft en go through stages of grief. Although responses to loss are as diverse as the people experiencing it, many people journey through similar stages, including the following:

• Shock/Denial
• Searching/Yearning
• Disorganization
• Reorganization

July, 2023

* Ashes are returned for Individual HydroCremations. Optional shipping charges are $30 for animals weighing up to 175 lbs and $40 for animals weighing over 175 lbs. Ashes are returned in a sealed plastic bag inside a cardboard box with a Certificate of HydroCremation; Wooden urns are available for animals weighting up to 175 lbs for $45.
** Ashes are not returned for Group HydroCremations

The HydroCremation Authorization Form can be found here.

The CVM HydroCremation Service is located at the College of Veterinary Medicine on the Cornell University Campus in Ithaca, New York. Please note that the Service is located near, but not in the same building as the Cornell University Hospital for Animals. The Service is open 7:00am to 3:30pm, M-F. Dropoffs outside of these hours can be arranged upon request. Directions from Rt. 366/Dryden Road:

• Take Rte 366/ Dryden Road to traffic light at Caldwell Drive (Between the Cornell Orchards and the Hamlet of Varna)
• Turn North onto Caldwell and proceed through the (3-way stop) intersection with Campus Rd.
• Turn Left onto Farrier Road immediately past Campus road (look for brown sign on the right side of Caldwell with "Hydrocremation Service" near the bottom)
• Follow the brown signs on Farrier Road as the route turns right and bends to the left past the Veterinary Diagnostic Lab building.
• The Hydrocremation Service loading dock will be on your left in approximately 100 yards
• Park in the designated short-term spot at the end of the ramp - the facility door is in the corner of the loading dock behind the white storage trailer. The facility staff wear uniforms with burgundy shirts; if you can’t see anyone just inside the building, call the facility phone (253-3288) and they will come to you.

Jump to:

• Musculoskeletal ultrasound and other diagnostic imaging
• Subjective and objective gait analysis
• Regenerative medicine, stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, etc.
• Therapeutic modalities, including acupuncture, shockwave and electrotherapy
• Rehabilitation, prosthetics, bracing, assistive devices
• Interventional pain management
• State-of-the-art facilities
• ...and many more!

Musculoskeletal ultrasound and other diagnostic imaging

At the core of lameness diagnosis are excellent examinations and targeted diagnostic imaging. Such imaging modalities may consist of one or a combination of x-rays, musculoskeletal ultrasound, CT scan and MRI. These imaging techniques allow us to assess bone, muscle, tendons, joints, cartilage, ligaments, nerves and more in both a static (not moving) and dynamic (motion or positional) studies. Many times, the appropriate combination of imaging modalities is required to obtain a diagnosis, as many musculoskeletal diseases compromise multiple tissues within an area.

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Subjective and objective gait and mobility analysis

Gait analysis can be both subjective (an expert opinion based on observation) or objective (unbiased methods of assessing movement, forces or other reflections of normal and abnormal movement). Here at Cornell, we have the Krotscheck Gait Lab, which uses state-of-the-art kinetic gait analysis systems, including a pressure-sensitive walkway and dual piezoelectric force-plate. Objective gait analysis may be used for research or clinically to identify subtle lameness or monitor response to therapy. Some methods to monitor movement at home include the use of accelerometry or GPS tracking; there are commercial activity monitors for animals with similar functions to that of those in people (Fitbit, Apple watch, Garmin products, etc).

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Regenerative medicine, stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, etc.

We have a dedicated veterinary regenerative medicine laboratory. Regenerative medicine leverages therapies with the potential to replace, repair or regenerate damaged cells, tissues or organs. Such biological therapies, when applied to various musculoskeletal disease, are termed orthobiologics, and may consist of stem cell therapy, platelet rich plasma, autologous serum and many more. We are currently working alongside the FDA to provide opportunities for application of stem cells to damaged musculoskeletal tissues in different species including dogs. Our service and laboratory are well established in veterinary stem cell and platelet rich plasma research.

Stem Cell Therapy (MSCs)

Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cell therapy (MSC) may be used as an orthobiologic for certain musculoskeletal diseases with supporting evidence in veterinary medicine. Stem cell collection on dogs may be done in several ways. At the Cornell University Hospital for Animals, we chose to harvest stem cells from bone marrow for culture and expansion, as well as an option for longer term storage and repeat dosing. The harvesting of cells may be conducted under patient sedation. Cultured cells are typically ready for delivery in about four weeks, at which time a second sedated procedure is conducted. The cells may be stored frozen for repeat or future procedures without having to collect again.

We do not expect mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) to replace or regrow damaged tissue. Scientific research has shown that these products are more likely to have a “trophic effect,” in that they provide a beneficial effect for inflammation, pain and healing. In dogs, studies support their use for osteoarthritis with a clinical benefit lasting three-to-six months. There is some evidence of added benefit when delivered along with PRP. Although more research is warranted for any orthobiologic product, we are optimistic given the current scientific support.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product created from your own dog’s blood that is rich in cells called platelets, which contain growth factors and inflammatory mediators. PRP can be processed on site and delivered all at one time with mild sedation. PRP essentially reduces inflammation and associated discomfort. When used for osteoarthritis in dogs, PRP typically shows a positive effect on comfort and mobility lasting about three months. In human literature, PRP is more effective in early arthritis, but in our experience and research, it can still help with more advanced arthritis and may be repeated as indicated.

Learn more about our FDA-approved clinical trial on the trial's webpage here. Please reach out to section chief Dr. Chris Frye to see if your animal is a candidate.

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Therapeutic modalities, including acupuncture, shockwave and electrotherapy

Our service employs a variety of therapeutic modalities to help your pet with its mobility and pain issues. Such modalities are physical agents aimed at alleviating pain or promoting tissue healing.

Electro-acupuncture

Acupuncture is one option among different treatments for pain in clinical veterinary practice. This procedure is the insertion of sterile needles into traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture points that produce a physiological response that can help mitigate pain and improve physiological responses to current treatments. The advantages of acupuncture are that it is practical, safe and with fewer side effects when compared with the conventional pharmaceutical management of pain. The application of select electrical currents during acupuncture has the potential to assist in further pain relief, neuromuscular re-education and reduction of edema/swelling. We do recommend electro-acupuncture over dry needling. This may be performed in conjunction with underwater treadmill therapy. Initially, weekly visits are recommended and based on response; treatments will be stagger to every other week/monthly, etc.  

Shockwave therapy

This treatment is nonsurgical, noninvasive and we have a cutting-edge piezoelectric unit that can be used comfortably on patients without sedation. Shockwaves are high-energy sound waves that are directed to a target treatment area on your animal's body and is supported in studies to benefit dogs with osteoarthritis, chronic tendon disease and more.

Class IV laser therapy

Laser therapy stimulates cell function, blood flow and signaling with the goal of promoting tissue healing, reducing pain and mediating inflammation.  

Therapeutic ultrasound for deep tissue heating   

Therapeutic ultrasound uses a sound frequency that penetrates tissue to induce a biological or thermal effect. It can heat deeper tissues such as tendons and muscle fibers to improve extensibility and range of motion. It may also be used to heal tissues, mediate inflammation and decrease pain by non-thermal means.

Electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or NMES)

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations (TENS) is used to stimulate the sensory nerves and believed to reduce pain perception through pain inhibition or increase the body’s own opioid release or promote tissue healing.  Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) apply different settings to stimulate engagement of muscle contraction in select intervals over time, with the goals of subsequent muscle strengthening and neuromuscular conditioning (NMES).

Cryocompression

Cryocompression is a more modern application of traditional icing therapy. A cold sleeve is applied to the affected area and pressured. The compression helps alleviate swelling/edema and applies the cold compress better to affected tissues. Cold compression has been shown to alleviate post-operative discomfort and swelling, and improves the range of motion in dogs recovering from orthopededic surgery.

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Rehabilitation, prosthetics, bracing, assistive devices

Physical therapy and injury recovery

Rehabilitation is a key part of our service. Whether your pet recently underwent surgery or is experiencing a non-surgical condition, we can help raise their quality of life and bring them back to their normal, everyday activities faster. We offer hydrotherapy through our underwater treadmill; orthotics (braces), prosthetics and carting for animals; and baseline evaluations, conditioning and nutrition plans for the canine athlete.

Underwater treadmill therapy

Underwater treadmill therapy will help improve general strength, range of motion and gait patterning, while decreasing stress on joints. This treatment helps strengthen dogs while the natural buoyant properties of water help alleviate excess gravitational stress on weak limbs or painful joints. The underwater treadmill provides a safe and comfortable environment to improve mobility, increase cardiovascular function, recondition to sport/activity, and provides safe mental and physical stimulation for dogs recovering form injury.

Conditioning plans

Our service can create catered home exercise and conditioning plans to optimize a patient’s approach to sport/work, or make that transition from injury recovery to return to sport. We have experience with a variety of sporting dogs (endurance athletes, agility, dock diving, barn hunt, obedience, sprinting and more) and working dogs (police, military, search and rescue, and service). We provide comprehensive assessment of your pet that may include baseline diagnostics and gait analysis as well as nutritional and supplement history. We account for the patient’s goals, prior training, nutrition, cross training and periodization in our plans. Whatever your pet's condition, we are a non-invasive option to help your pet with a variety of pain and mobility issues.

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Interventional pain management

If your dog or cat is struggling with a painful condition, interventional pain management works to reduce pain in a targeted are of the body while avoiding the systemic effects of many traditional pain management options, such as oral medication. Examples include musculoskeletal injection therapies (joint, tendon, muscle), epidurals, perineural injection, nerve ablation and more. All of these procedures are designed to be image-guided and minimally invasive, with the ultimate goal of increasing your pet's quality of life, avoiding or reducing unwanted adverse effects of systemic pain relievers, and getting them back to their everyday activities. Common conditions include osteoarthritis, tendinopathies, pinched nerves and other chronic localizable pain syndromes.

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State-of-the-art facilities

Our state-of-the-art rehabilitation center features a large, open working space with natural sunlight and excellent flooring for impaired patients to walk. We have cutting-edge specialized equipment, including an underwater treadmill with resistance jets and inclination capabilities, two land treadmills, piezoelectric extracorporeal shockwave (no sedation required), therapeutic laser, electrical stimulation capabilities with TENS and NMES, and a full set of exercise equipment (physiorolls, balance discs, weights, therabands, cavaletti, etc). We also operate two dedicated labs: The Krotscheck Kinetic Gait Analysis Lab and Cornell Regenerative Medicine Center.

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...and many more!

More information to come.

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Your scheduled visit to the Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Service at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals begins with check in at the reception desk. If any diagnostic imaging is necessary, it is a good idea to not feed your dog or cat in the morning before the appointment in the event that sedation is needed for imaging. Following a small amount of paperwork, you will be greeted in the waiting room by our resident or technician and brought to a private examination room.

Your pet's history and a physical examination will be performed by either a student or technician, followed by further assessment by a resident or faculty member, and a full orthopedic and soft tissue examination. We may recommend further testing, and will discuss with you potential diagnosis, next steps, cost and logistics.

Often, you will be asked to leave your pet in our care for the day so that we can begin appropriate testing, which can include blood tests or diagnostic imaging. Given our busy schedule and consultations with other specialists regarding your pet's care, you may be asked to return to discuss our findings later in the day.

Depending on the outcome of the appointment we will discuss many therapeutic options and will help you choose the best course of treatment for you and your companion.

American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
The American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation advances the art and science of veterinary medicine by promoting expertise in the structural, physiological, medical and surgical needs of athletic animals and the restoration of normal form and function after injury or illness.

Cornell University Hospital for Animals Companion Animal Nutrition Service
The Cornell University Hospital for Animals is among a small number of animal hospitals across the nation that offers comprehensive nutrition services provided by boarded specialists in the area of veterinary nutrition for hospital and clinic patients, as well as nutrition consultations for animal owners across the country.

The Richard P. Riney Canine Health Center
The Cornell Richard P. Riney Canine Health Center is dedicated to improving the lives of dogs, helping them lead longer, healthier and happier lives. We do this through research, outreach and engagement. Cornell has a long history of game-changing contributions in canine health. From vaccine development, to genomic research addressing diseases such as blindness, to exploring the continuum of basic foundational research through to clinical application, all under one roof.

• Tracheal stent implantation
• Laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy
• Thoracoscopic pericardectomy
• Laser ureteral resection of etopic ureters
• Vacuum-assisted wound closure
• Hydraulic urethral sphincter implantation for urinary incontinence
• Portosystemic shunt ligation
• Laparoscopic ovariectomy and cryptorchidectomy
• Laser lithotripsy
• Advanced endocrine surgery

Collapsing trachea

This condition affects the windpipe, or trachea, of toy breed dogs such as Chihuahuas, Maltese, Yorkshire terriers, toy poodles. In some dogs, the trachea becomes very soft over time - causing a chronic honking cough and, if severe, difficulty breathing and even collapse. Mildly-affected dogs respond to medical management such as anti-cough medication. Severely-affected dogs require surgically-implanted supports for the trachea to prevent it from collapsing.

We offer a minimally-invasive treatment for the condition in which a self-expanding stent is placed in the collapsed region of the trachea. To find out if a dog is an appropriate candidate, we do fluoroscopic and endoscopic examination of the trachea to look for any areas that collapse.

For dogs who do have a collapsing trachea, the stent can be inserted through the mouth and down the throat while the dog is anesthetized. The stent must be properly sized and placed with care. Most dogs see a marked improvement once they recover from anesthesia, with easier breathing and a resumption of their normal activity level. In a small number of dogs, the stent causes a mild irritation that leads to a lingering cough, which eventually subsides as the stent becomes incorporated into the wall of the trachea.

Vacuum assisted closure of chronic wounds

Occasionally, traumatic wounds in dogs or cats become severely contaminated or compromised and progress into large, non-healing wounds. Traditionally, we have treated these wounds with prolonged bandaging and antibiotic therapy. We now have the capacity to speed up the healing of chronic wounds using a new technology called Vacuum Assisted Wound Treatment, or VAC treatment.

The therapy makes use of a special vacuum and bandaging system that encloses the wound in negative pressure, which draws away discharge and promotes the formation of healthy tissue in less than half the time that it would normally take. Although large contaminated wounds can still take many days to completely heal, the VAC treatment decreases the time needed and provides a better outcome.

Laser treatment for incontinence caused by ectopic ureter

The ureters are tubes that normally transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. In a dog with ectopic ureters, one or both ureters bypass the bladder and connect into the urinary tract beyond the bladder sphincter, causing urine to constantly dribble out of the urethra. Ectopic ureters are the most common cause of congenital urinary incontinence in dogs.

Ectopic ureters are diagnosed with the help of an ultrasound examination of the urinary tract and endoscopic examination of the urethra and bladder under general anesthesia. Surgical reimplantation of the ureters into the bladder is recommended for dogs with confirmed ectopic ureters. Approximately 75 percent of dogs who undergo this surgery become continent, sometimes with the help of medical treatment as well. The remaining 25 percent of dogs have residual incontinence due to abnormalities of the bladder neck and may need further surgery to help with this.

We offer a minimally-invasive alternative for treatment of ectopic ureters that uses a laser introduced through the cystoscope, which allows us to relocate the opening of an ectopic ureter into the bladder without making any external incisions. The results of the laser surgery are as good or better than conventional surgery and the recovery period is quicker and more comfortable for our canine patients.

Gastric dilatation volvulus

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a life threatening spontaneous twisting of the stomach that can happen in large and giant breed dogs. An estimated 40 percent of Great Danes will suffer from GDV during their lifetime. Large to giant breed dogs who are fed one large meal per day are predisposed to this condition, which results from a chronic stretching of the stomach. If the stomach stretches excessively and becomes over-distended from a large meal, it can twist and become locked in a twisted position. This traps a large volume of blood in the stomach. The distended stomach can fill the entire abdomen, preventing blood from returning to the heart and sending the dog into shock. The stomach can become the size of a basketball and even rupture within the abdomen. Affected dogs are severely uncomfortable, have a greatly distended abdomen, and gag repeatedly as they unsuccessfully attempt to vomit.

Treatment is emergency surgery after initial treatment for shock. In surgery, we decompress and untwist the stomach, and then tack the stomach to the body wall so that it cannot twist in the future. This is a high risk situation if the dog is in shock, and may require removal of part of the stomach if a section of stomach dies due to lack of blood supply. Thanks to our highly skilled emergency clinicians, anesthesiologists, and surgeons, our survival rate for GDV emergency surgery is greater than 90 percent - much higher than the 70 percent reported success rate.

GDV can be prevented by surgically fixing the stomach to the abdominal wall - a procedure called a gastropexy - so that the stomach cannot twist. Gastropexy can be done prophylactically in young dogs, but the standard procedure involves a fairly large abdominal incision. We offer a minimally-invasive method to tack the stomach using a laparoscopic technique. Two small incisions are needed for the procedure. Animals who undergo this procedure are more comfortable immediately after surgery and recovery more quickly.

Chronic ear infections leading to narrowing of the ear canal

Infections of the external ear canal are very common in dogs. Fortunately most of these infections respond to medical therapy. Occasionally, however, the infections become chronic and insidious, inducing inflammatory changes in the ear canal that lead to narrowing of the ear canal called stenosis. Some dog breeds, such as the Cocker spaniel, are predisposed to this condition. If the ear canal becomes completely stenotic and chronically infected, medical management can no longer be expected to help.

We offer a surgical solution to the chronically infected, painful, stenotic ear canal. This procedure is called a Total Ear Canal Ablation. In this surgery, we carefully remove all of the diseased tissue, including the external ear canal itself. The skin below the ear flap is closed over the defect producing an excellent cosmetic result. Removal of the diseased tissue results in a dramatic improvement in an affected dog’s demeanor. The powerful odor associated with chronic ear canal disease is removed and topical medication is no longer needed. Removal of the ear canal does reduce the ability of the dog to hear on the operated side, however, most dogs don’t seem to notice a difference because dogs with stenotic, infected ear canals have had impaired hearing due to their narrowed ear canals.

Accidentally poisoned and burned puppy recovers with skin flap surgery and honey

Melanie Miller and her Jack Russell terrier, Branson, were traveling the day after Thanksgiving when Miller noticed something was wrong. Usually jovial, the seven-month-old puppy seemed to fade, his eyes began twitching, and he started tremoring in the car. Miller rushed him to a nearby emergency veterinary hospital, where doctors delivered intravenous medicine just in time to get the seizures under control.

Spoiled fish turned out to be the culprit. Fish can spoil quickly, and Branson had eaten leftover fish that had apparently grown mold laden with neurotoxins. For hours the situation looked uncertain. As soon as they stopped the medicine the tremors would start again, but with care and patience the tremors finally passed.

Yet that was just the beginning of Branson’s troubles.

“I noticed a large discolored patch on his belly that hadn’t been there before,” said Miller. “I wasn’t sure what it could be--maybe a reaction to the medicine? It looked really painful and he didn’t seem happy. When we got home to New York I brought him straight to Cornell.”

Dr. Rebecca Kessler, third-year medicine resident, first saw the case. The oddly rectangular-shaped wound was worsening, turning black and leathery and starting to ooze. Kessler gave Branson pain medicine and antibiotics and took a skin biopsy. The results showed that Branson’s skin had been burned.

Dr. Marc Hirshenson, third-year resident in small animal surgery, removed the dead skin before it could become infected. Using an innovative technique to discourage infection, Hirshenson also applied a special topical treatment called Manuka honey to help heal the wound. Well known for its antimicrobial properties, honey has been used by many cultures throughout history as a way to treat wounds and ward off infection. Manuka honey is produced by bees that feed on nectar from the manuka tree in New Zealand, and licensed wound-care products around the world use it as a special ingredient.

“There has been some evidence in humans that manuka honey is especially good for healing wounds,” said Hirshenson.

Over the next four days the wound improved, developing “granulation tissue” to help itself heal, a sign of a healthy body recovering. But the burn covered such a large area that it looked unlikely that it would fully close without surgery.

To help close the wound and avoid complications, Hirshenson performed a difficult skin flap surgery alongside Associate Professor of surgery Dr. James Flanders.

“Dogs have extra skin around their flanks, and their skin is relatively elastic,” he said. “We were able to stretch this extra skin to cover the area around the abdomen where Branson’s skin had burned and stitch it together around the middle.”

With careful manipulation of the excess skin they were able to close the wound, and after some rest and recuperation Branson was on his way to a full recovery.

“Our job is to help the body heal itself,” said Hirshenson. “Branson had an amazing attitude the whole time that really shined through. He put up with us for a long time, happy to let us handle him even when he was in pain, and was always enthusiastic about walking and eating. His demeanor contributed a lot to his recovery.”

Branson returned home in early December, where Miller reports he is back to his old self.

The American College of Veterinary Surgeons
A specialty organization that certifies veterinary surgeons and provides a source of referrals to pet owners.

• Transcervical insemination
• Semen freezing
• Infertility examinations
• Obstetrics monitoring for complicated pregnancies

Our Policies

• We require all breeding patients to be in good health and have a current negative Brucellosis test within 6 months. We can submit the Brucellosis test at your pet's first appointment if it is not up to date.

  Pre-breeding health screening for heritable conditions is strongly recommended for all of our canine patients. You can find health testing guidelines for most breeds through the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals  or through your breed's parent club.

  Please note that we may decline to provide reproductive services for your animal if we detect or suspect a health defect that is known to be heritable, or if we feel that breeding the animal in question could put their overall health at risk by carrying a pregnancy. Examples include vaginal prolapse or hyperplasia, cryptorchidism (retained testicles), significant airway disease, and functional heart murmurs. We may also recommend or require additional testing prior to breeding if an abnormality is noted on our physical examination that has not been previously worked up. We will not offer reproductive services for animals that show any signs of aggressive behavior.

For your appointment

• Your scheduled visit to the Theriogenology Service at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals begins with a check-in at the reception desk. You will be greeted in the waiting room by one or two students rotating on the Theriogenology Service, our technician or a Theriogenology Resident and be taken to a private examination room. Once there, the students, resident and faculty will collect information about your animal's history and then perform a physical examination. We appreciate your patience and understanding in allowing the future veterinarians to interact with you and your pet.

  Next, the scheduled procedures will be performed and any diagnostic samples will be submitted to the lab.  The Resident will call you when the lab results are in and work on setting up your next appointment.  

Breeding management

We can help plan the breeding of your bitch well in advance. Typically, we start seeing bitches soon after owners notice the first signs of estrus or heat. By examining her three times a week and measuring her blood progesterone concentrations, we can determine the ideal time for insemination to maximize fertility and litter size. We can assist in management of natural breeding, artificial insemination with fresh, cooled-shipped, or frozen semen. We can provide an accurate expected whelping date and monitor the health of the bitch and the fetuses during pregnancy. Similarly, we can assist in collection of semen for local insemination, cooled-shipment elsewhere or cryopreservation for later use.

We also offer investigation of infertility of male and female animals, including investigation of anatomical and functional abnormalities, semen analysis, screening for infectious diseases, endometrial or testicular biopsy and appropriate treatment. We offer full breeding soundness exam and partner with medical geneticists.

In appropriate cases, we offer medical treatment of pyometra and manage the subsequent breeding of affected animals. We also assist with management of benign prostatic hyperplasia of breeding dogs to maintain fertility.

Obstetrical complications

If you are unfortunate enough to experience complications during whelping or queening, we provide assistance with medical and surgical management of obstetrical cases.

American College of Theriogenologists
A non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of knowledge and competence in theriogenology, or animal reproduction.

• For individual owners, medical genetics is a window into the future: with medical information at your fingertips sooner, you can act faster,
  better controlling your and your pet's future - possibly even taking steps to prevent the onset of life-stealing disease.
• For breeders, genetic information gives you the power to change the course of the breed. Not only can you maximize the breeding potential
  of your purebred dogs and cats, but you can help to eliminate breed-specific genetic conditions that all too often make life difficult and
  uncomfortable for those in your care.
• For referring veterinarians, medical genetics offers a new opportunity to extend the services you offer. We will work hand-in-hand with you to
  ensure that you and your patients have all the information you need to manage the health and well-being of your patients.

Inherited Diseases in the DNA bank

• Total hip replacement
• Total knee replacement
• Total elbow replacement
• Arthroscopic joint surgery
• Advanced cruciate ligament repair - tibial plateau leveling osteotomy, tibial tuberosity advancement
• Minimally-invasive fracture surgery
• Stem cell and platelet rich plasma administration
• Gait analysis
• Ligament and tendon reconstruction
• Limb deformity correction
• 3D printing
• Hip, elbow, patella evaluation for OFA provisional and final certification. DLS method for hip laxity and conformation is preferred for breeding and puppy selection
• Estimated breeding values for hip and elbow dysplasia are available for dogs registered in the OFA system.
  • Hip score breeding value search application available ONLINE! 

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament or cranial cruciate ligament

Dogs of any age or breed can tear knee ligaments, most commonly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL). Rupturing either ligament causes varying degrees of lameness. If ruptures affect both knees or are associated with a tear of a meniscus in the knee, the injury is very debilitating. 
A ruptured knee ligament is diagnosed by palpation and x-ray, but MRI can be used in subtle cases with partial tears of the ACL. Surgery is the primary treatment. There are many surgical options, but there are basically two broad categories. Extracapsular suture methods stabilize the knee outside the joint and restore the function of the cruciate ligament rather than replacing the damaged ligament. Tibial osteotomy techniques change the anatomy of the knee joint by eliminating or neutralizing the slope in the tibial plateau. Prognosis for function of the affected leg after either procedure is good to excellent for most dogs. Some dogs never fully recover due to advanced arthritis, which cannot be reversed.

Hip dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a common genetic trait of many dog breeds, but most common in large and giant breeds. It is characterized by malformation of the hip where the ball and socket of the joint do not fit properly together. The mechanical instability leads to arthritis, which can be exacerbated by obesity. The condition may be managed medically in many dogs, but some need surgical treatment.

Reduction in body weight is always recommended for successful arthritis treatment. Surgical treatments include:

• Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis, or JPS, a procedure for younger dogs that manipulates the way the pelvis grows to create a tighter hip.
• Triple pelvic osteotomy, or TPO, a surgery that increases the depth of the shallow hip socket , which allows it better connect to head of the femur, increasing the stability of the hip joint.
• Femoral head and neck excision involves removing the head of the femur. Soft tissues support the false hip joint. A fibrous pad buffers the space between to cup the femur. This surgery is used most frequently in severe cases.
• Total hip replacement has the highest rate of success, especially in severe cases, since it completely replaces the faulty joint.

The best surgical treatment depends on the age of the dog and the animal's response to medical management. The long-term prognosis for hip dysplasia depends on the procedure undertaken and how well the rehab is done.

Elbow dysplasia

Elbow dysplasia is a common genetic trait of many dog breeds, but most common in large and giant breeds. There are several disorders in the elbow that comprise elbow dysplasia, but all involve the growth of cartilage or the structures surrounding it. The diagnosis of elbow dysplasia is made through examination, x-rays or CT scan, and sometimes a combination of the three.

Some cases are treatable with arthroscopic surgery, while others require complicated osteotomies, where a surgeon may shorten or lengthen a bone. In older dogs, elbow dysplasia may be managed medically or surgically, depending on a variety of factors.

The prognosis for functional recovery after surgery depends on the age of the patient and severity of their condition.

Fractures

Fractures, or broken bones, frequently occur when dogs and cats are hit by motor vehicles, although other accidents also result in fractures.

Before treating any fractures, we conduct a thorough examination to rule out other injuries to the head, chest, abdomen and urinary tract. Then, a diagnosis is made by x-ray. In cases where multiple traumatic injuries are suspected, CT scan is recommended.

Open fractures, where the skin is broken over the fracture or bone is exposed, are most commonly treated using external fixation, where a fixator or metal rod is used outside of the body to stabilize the bone. Closed fractures are typically treated with plates and screws placed internally to stabilize the broken bones.

The prognosis is good for most fractures. If the joint near the fracture is involved, the prognosis is often guarded due to cartilage injury within the joint. In these cases, arthritis will likely develop over the medium to long term.

Your scheduled visit to the Orthopedic Surgery Service at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals begins with check in at the reception desk. Following a small amount of paperwork, you will be greeted in the waiting room by one or two students currently in their surgery rotation and brought to a private examination room.

The students will conduct an examination of your pet and ask you questions about your animal's history and current health. We appreciate your patience and understanding in allowing these future veterinarians to interact with you and your pet.

The students will then leave to consult with a faculty member about the history, physical examination and recommendations for case management. Your pet will usually be examined away from you. The orthopedic team will accompany the student back to your examination room to examine your pet again and discuss options for imaging studies and other diagnostic tests.

Often, you will be asked to leave your pet in the care of our students so that we can begin appropriate testing. Given our schedule and consultations with other specialists regarding your pet's care, you may be asked to return to discuss our findings later in the day. Although you may not meet the faculty chief of service, all cases are discussed with the service chief and many patients are examined by three or more doctors.

Once our orthopedic team has formed a diagnosis, they will meet with you to discuss a set of medical and surgical options tailored to your needs and those of your companion, including financial estimates. Often animals that require a procedure will be scheduled for surgery the day following their initial appointment. We offer convenient overnight stays for animals with next-day surgeries.

Patients recovering from orthopedic injuries or surgeries typically stay in the hospital for several 
days. You animal may also be referred to our colleagues for rehabilitation, pain management or nutrition services.

Smokey

Cadence

Cadence, an active Boxer, arrived at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals five years ago after being surrendered to a local shelter with a broken leg and several broken ribs. The orthopedic service inserted a metal plate to treat Cadence's fractured leg and helped her find a new home.

Cadence returned to Cornell for regular checkups over the next four years. In 2012, her owner noticed Cadence limping on her back right leg. The orthopedic service examined Cadence carefully and found her right stifle was enlarged, painful, and unstable. Radiographs revealed that the knee was swollen consistent with rupture of the cranial (anterior) cruciate ligament (ACL).

The final diagnosis was ruptured cranial cruciate ligament in her right knee, a common cause of debilitating hind limb lameness in dogs of all shapes and sizes. 

Dr. Ursula Krotscheck and Dr. Heather M. Knapp-Hoch recommended Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy surgery, which stabilizes the knee joint by changing its anatomy. Dog’s walk in a “crouched” position on their toes with their knees flexed or bent forward. In this position, there is a tendency for the bottom of the thigh bone (femur) to fall off the back of the tibia. The ACL - the ligament that Cadence tore - stops this from happening.  When the ACL tears, this falling off occurs and causes arthritis and pain.

The TPLO surgery realigns the surface of the tibia to change the forces during walking, preventing the femur from falling off of the tibia. The TPLO surgery was successful, and Cadence made a full recovery within a month.

A helping hand for Zeus

The following letter was shared by a client of the Cornell University Hospital. Please enjoy!

On Saturday March 26, 2011, Zeus ran out to greet my uncle as he drove in the driveway with his van. He was there to fix my dad’s furnace. 

It had been icy and when Zeus tried to stop he could not and slid on the ice. He did not go under the vehicle, but slid up against the side of the van with his hip hitting first. That was when Zeus let out a horrible scream of pain and ran to hide on the porch. Everyone scrambled to find him and when we did, it was plain to see he was in horrible pain. 

My dad had adopted Zeus at the Auburn SPCA a year earlier; he was now only 3-years-old.  He had heart worms and went through all the treatments to get cured. By this time, my dad and Zeus had bonded, and they went everywhere together.  My dad called me to come over and see what I thought he should do. I brought my muzzle because it sounded like Zeus was in extreme pain, and I did not want anyone to get bitten if he reacted to being moved. He is such a good-natured boy, but the pain was terrible. We loaded Zeus in the back of the station wagon using a sheet as a sling. My dad seemed numb, almost in shock. He first took Zeus to his vet in Auburn, who took one look at Zeus, gave him a shot for pain, and sent him to Syracuse to an emergency veterinary hospital there. 

Dad sat with Zeus for an hour, but was told it would be approximately $3500 just for them to x-ray and take a look at what they could do for him.  Dad called asking me where else he could go for help because he did not have that kind of money. He met me in Moravia and Dr. Kerry Norris met us there and took x-rays; we then learned Zeus’s hip had actually popped out of the socket when he banged up against the van. Dr. Norris said his hip socket was a little more shallow on that side and although he had better hips than most German Shepherds, the blunt force had been enough to cause this to happen. She then put him under and worked for several hours trying to get his hip to pop back in the socket. Sadly this did not work. We discussed our options and decided the only hope to save him was to take him to Cornell where a team could assess the damage and hopefully repair his hip. Zeus was given more pain medication, and we drove the 45-minute drive to Cornell. 

The Cornell doctors assessed the hip injury and determined the best option for Zeus was to remove the ball on his hip. Incredibly, the hip would form scar tissue and form a sort of false hip joint. This would require confining Zeus, keeping him calm, and therapy several times a day with cold and heat packs to help with pain and swelling for several months. When they told my dad how much it would cost, I saw a sad, defeated look come over him and he said he did not know what to do; he could not afford this, but he loved his dog and did not want to let this be the end. He agonized over this for several hours as the doctors did more tests and gave him updates. Then one of the students told him he could apply for help through the patient assistance program: a program where folks donate funds to help cover the cost when a person is struggling to save their pet but cannot afford it.  This was the answer to his prayers and this helped saved Zeus' life. 

We cannot begin to find the words to thank the people responsible for this warm act of kindness.

We wanted to send you a deeply felt and special thank you and ask you to pass this on to the folks responsible. Again we cannot thank them enough, it is a wonderful, loving thing to do, and we will never forget this.

My dad religiously did the therapy and Zeus is now using his leg again. He again tags along with my dad everywhere he goes, swims in the pond and is my dad’s constant companion. Thank you so much for allowing us to have more time to spend with this wonderful member of our family! Please know we thank you from the bottom of our hearts and will never forget this special gift!

Thanks again,
William N. Denman and his daughter Deb

The American College of Veterinary Surgeons
A specialty organization that certifies veterinary surgeons and provides a source of referrals to pet owners.

• Electroretinography
• Ocular ultrasonography (standard ocular and high resolution anterior segment scans)
• In vivo corneal confocal microscopy
• CT and MRI scans

• Orbital and adnexal surgery
• Corneal therapeutic and reconstructive procedures, keratotomies, grafts, and transpositions
• Cataract removal by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation
• Glaucoma management
• Diode laser retinopexy and uveal neoplasia and cyst ablation

Your scheduled visit to the Ophthalmology Service at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals begins with check in at the reception desk.  Following a small amount of paperwork, you will be greeted in the waiting room by one or two students currently in their ophthalmology rotation and brought to a private examination room.

The students will conduct an examination of your pet and ask you questions about your animal's history and current health. In the course of this examination, several tests are usually performed including measurements of tear function and eye pressure. This initial evaluation will take 30-45 minutes. We appreciate your patience and understanding in allowing these future veterinarians to interact with you and your pet.

The student will then administer dilating eye drops, which take 15 to 20 minutes to take effect. During that time, the student will then leave to consult with a resident or faculty member to analyze the results of the routine tests and refine plans to further diagnose and treat your pet's eye conditions.

The student will return to complete the dilated portion of the examination. Then an ophthalmologist will perform a second comprehensive examination and discuss the findings with you. Together, you will develop a plan for further diagnosis and treatment. Most patients that require surgery or advanced tests such as CT or MRI will be admitted to the hospital from their initial appointment.

OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCIES:
All daytime and after-hour ophthalmic emergencies are admitted and managed directly by the faculty and resident clinicians of the Ophthalmology Service.

Common Ophthalmic Conditions

Corneal ulcers

The surface of the eye is commonly injured and usually heals spontaneously without treatment or predictably with supportive treatments. But these injuries may result in ulceration of the cornea, which may become infected by bacteria or become deep enough to threaten loss of the vision and the eye. Diagnosis is made by complete ophthalmic examination. Treatment involves topical antibiotic therapy supported by surgical intervention to stabilize deep ulcers or wounds. With early aggressive treatment, outlook for healing is generally good.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is increased pressure within the eye leading to permanent vision impairment. It is an inherited condition in many breeds of dogs and some cat breeds. It also  occurs secondary to other ocular disorders such as inflammation, tumors, trauma in all species. 
The outlook for preserving vision in eyes with inherited glaucoma is guarded, with early diagnosis and treatment yielding the best results. Diagnosis is made by tonometry - a measurement of intraocular pressure. Management is both medical, using topical pressure control drugs made for people, and surgical, to reduce eye pressure and achieve comfort.

Cataracts 

Cataracts develop as common inherited defects in dogs and some other species. Most diabetic dogs develop secondary blinding cataracts. There are no proven or approved medical treatments to prevent, retard, or reverse cataract development, but cataract surgery is performed successfully on animals. Dogs are the most common recipients and most get intraocular lens implants like people do, returning durable useful vision.

Uveitis

This inflammation within the eye is commonly associated with ocular and systemic infections, immune-mediated and metabolic disorders, and is a frequent cause of temporary and permanent vision loss. Treatment and prognosis depend upon stage at diagnosis, causes, and control of associated medical conditions. Diagnosis is based upon complete ophthalmic examination and treatments include topical and systemic anti-inflammatory medications.

Retinal degeneration

Retinal degeneration is common in dogs and some other species. It is often an inherited defect but also can result from exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. In dogs, it may occur suddenly for unknown reasons. It  is diagnosed  by complete ophthalmic examination . Few retinal degenerations are treatable; most eventually result is severe vision impairment and blindness. 

American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologist 
A non-profit organization that certifies veterinarians in ophthalmology and provides information about veterinary eye disorders.

• Technicians experienced and trained specifically in the administration of chemotherapy
• Intravenous, intralesional and intracavitary chemotherapy administration
• Technicians trained specifically in the administration of anesthesia
• Ultrasound guided and manual tru-cut biopsies
• Bone marrow aspirates
• Melanoma vaccine administration
• Incisional and punch biopsies
• Long infusion chemotherapy administration (such as Cisplatin, Ifosfamide, and Cytosar)
• Palliative care/pain management with Pamidronate and Ketamine/Lidocaine infusions, radiation therapy and oral pain medications
• Access to multiple specialties for complete diagnostics, staging, treatment planning and monitoring including Computed Tomography, MRI, Radiology, Ultrasound, Surgery, Clinical Pathology and Histology
• External Beam radiation therapy with a 6MV linear accelerator with 6 different electron energies ranging from 5-14 MeV
• Strontium Radiation treatment therapy

Lymphoma

Lymphoma, a cancer of white blood cells, is one of the most common cancers of dogs and cats. It can arise in lymph nodes as well as organs such as the spleen, liver, intestinal tract and skin. In dogs, the most common presentation is non-painful enlargement of the body’s lymph nodes - typically under the jaw, in front of the shoulders and behind the knees. The most common location of lymphoma in cats is the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms vary depending on what organs are involved, and can include decreased appetite and energy level, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and increased drinking and urination.

Diagnosing lymphoma usually starts by obtaining cells of the affected organ with a needle for a clinical pathologist to examine. This can be done quickly, rarely needs anesthesia and results are usually back within 24 hours. If the results are suggestive of lymphoma, a larger portion of the lymph node or organ involved will be taken and sent to the histopathology lab for analysis. Many times this can be performed while the patient is under a short-acting anesthetic. However, if the intestinal tract is involved, samples may need to be obtained through endoscopic or surgical biopsy. The pathologist can tell from the biopsy if the lymphoma is high grade or low grade – this will help us determine the type of chemotherapy that will be most effective. We can also determine if the lymphoma is a B cell or T cell lymphoma, which helps to predict prognosis. Other staging tests will be performed to look for other affected organs. This includes a complete blood cell count, chemistry profile, urine analysis, chest x-rays, abdominal ultrasound, and bone marrow aspirate. The results of these tests will help us evaluate the extent of the disease and normal organ function. This allows us to determine prognosis and how well a patient may handle chemotherapy.

Lymphoma is treated with chemotherapy. Although we cannot cure lymphoma, we can get up to 90 percent of dogs and 65 percent of cats into remission with a multidrug chemotherapy protocol. A complete remission means all signs of the cancer are gone. Most multidrug chemotherapy protocols for lymphoma last 6 months, and are given weekly for the first few months then the interval between treatments increases. For dogs and cats in remission at 6 months, chemotherapy is discontinued and patients are rechecked monthly for signs of recurrence. When the patient comes out of remission, chemotherapy can be restarted. However, the duration of the second and subsequent remissions is often shorter.

There are other treatment options available that require less frequent visits and may be less expensive. These protocols typically result in a shorter survival time compared with a multidrug chemotherapy protocol.

Dogs and cats with high grade lymphoma without treatment usually live for only four to six weeks. (Shorter and longer times are possible.) Dogs treated with a multi-drug chemotherapy protocol have a median survival time of one year with 25 percent of dogs living to 2 years. Cats treated with a multidrug chemotherapy protocol have a median survival time of 7 months; however some cats that achieve complete remission can live longer.

Low-grade small cell lymphoma of the intestinal tract in cats is a less aggressive form of lymphoma. Symptoms include chronic vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and/or decreased appetite. This type of lymphoma is often treated with an oral chemotherapy agent that is administered by the owner at home. The prognosis for is generally good with survival time being 2 years or more in many instances.

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Mast cell tumors are the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs. Mast cell tumors vary in appearance and can be found on the skin or can be subcutaneous. They can look like lots of different non-cancerous skin tumors (particularly lipoma for mast cell tumors that are subcutaneous), so it is important to have all lumps and bumps located on or under the skin evaluated by a veterinarian.

Mast cell tumors are usually diagnosed by fine needle aspirate - collecting cells with a small needle and spreading them on a microscope slide. Mast cells are quite distinctive under the microscope as they have purple granules inside the cell. These granules contain substances involved in inflammation such as histamine and heparin, which may cause your dog’s tumor to change size or look bruised, or cause your dog to scratch at it. Once we know your dog has a mast cell tumor, we need to know whether or not it has spread, or metastasized. When mast cell tumors spread they tend to go to the area lymph nodes.

A fine needle aspirate (similar to aspirating the primary tumor) or a biopsy is recommended to see if there are cancerous mast cells in the lymph node. Sometimes, we may need to use ultrasound to visualize the lymph node. Once a mast cell tumor has spread to the lymph node, it may also spread to the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Additional tests such as an abdominal ultrasound and bone marrow aspirate may be recommended.

Treatment for mast cell tumors includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of treatment will depend on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the grade of the tumor. The grade of the tumor is determined by the pathologist after biopsy or surgical removal. There are three grades: Grade I tumors are easily identified and rarely metastasize; Grade II tumors have intermediate differentiation and extend deeper into the underlying tissues and about 20 percent will spread or metastasize; Grade III tumors are poorly differentiated and behave aggressively with an 80 percent or higher chance of metastasis.

Surgery is the treatment of choice for mast cell tumors. Incompletely removed tumors can be treated with a course of radiation therapy for excellent long term control. Chemotherapy is often recommended for dogs with a tumor that is too large to remove surgically, has spread to a lymph node, spread to other places or is a Grade III tumor with a high likelihood of metastasis.

The prognosis for dogs with mast cell tumors is variable. Many tumors can be removed surgically and cured. Dogs that have had one mast cell tumor in their life are at risk for developing another mast cell tumor, so careful monitoring is recommended. Prognosis depends on the size of the tumor, the grade of the tumor and whether or not it has metastasized.

Canine Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor, and accounts for more than 85 percent of malignant bone tumors in dogs. Bone tumors can both produce bone and destroy the normal bone tissue. The median age of onset is 7 to10 years (with a second early peak at 1 to 2 years), with large and giant breed dogs having an increased incidence. Breeds at increased risk include Saint Bernard, Great Dane, Scottish Deerhound, Irish Setter, Doberman pinscher, Rottweiler, German Shepherd, and Golden Retriever. There is no consistent gender predilection.

Pain is the most common clinical sign of bone tumors, and dogs are usually progressively lame and may have swelling at the primary site. There may be an association with recent mild trauma. The duration of signs can range from days to months.

The diagnosis is made based on history, x-rays of the bone and ultimately a biopsy, or removal of a tissue sample from the tumor.

Osteosarcoma commonly spreads to the lungs, and less commonly spreads to other bones and organs. The treatment usually involves surgery - often amputation - to remove the painful tumor followed by chemotherapy to slow down the spread of the cancer. The majority of dogs have metastasis at the time of diagnosis, but few will have radiographic evidence of spread to the lung. Palliative options are also available including radiation therapy and intravenous drug protocols to provide pain relief.

Median survival time with surgery alone or palliative radiation therapy is 4 to 5 months. Median survival time with surgery and chemotherapy ranges from 7 to 12 months.

Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of the mouth of cats. It is usually found in older cats with an average age of 12.5 years. It can originate under the tongue or involve the gums. The most frequent sign associated with this type of cancer is a decreased appetite or difficulty eating. You may also notice bad breath, increased salivation or drooling or a swelling of the upper or lower jaw. It can invade the bones of the jaw and be painful.

Squamous cell carcinoma is diagnosed by biopsy. Although rare, it can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes and lungs, so a fine needle aspirate of the lymph node and chest X-rays are recommended. Dental radiographs or a CT scan may be recommended to determine if there is invasion into the underlying bone and whether or not surgery can be done, and the extent of surgery required.

Unfortunately due to the location and invasive growth pattern, squamous cell carcinoma cannot be surgically removed unless detected very early. Treatment often consists of palliative care including radiation therapy (with or without chemotherapy), pain medications and local nerve blocks.

Prognosis for cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma is poor with survival times usually ranging from 2 to 6 months. When detected early and treated with a combination of surgery and radiation therapy, survival time can be significantly prolonged.

Canine Hemangiosarcoma

Hemangiosarcoma is a cancer of endothelial cells – the cells that line blood vessels. The most common sites for this tumor in dogs are the spleen, heart, and skin; however, it can occasionally be found in other organs. Symptoms occur because the tumors are filled with blood and can easily rupture and result in internal bleeding. When the tumor is located in the spleen or heart, signs initially can be vague – decreased appetite, lethargy or weakness, pale gums, collapse, distended abdomen, difficulty breathing and weight loss. Signs can wax and wane over time. In some instances hemangiosarcoma can cause sudden death due to tumor rupture and internal bleeding.

A diagnosis is made based on history, physical examination findings and other diagnostic tests. An abdominal ultrasound and chest x-rays are recommended to assess the extent of disease. Fine needle aspirates or obtaining a sample of fluid from the abdomen or around the heart may be necessary to evaluate the patient. Additional tests typically include a complete blood count, chemistry panel and coagulation profile.

Treatment for splenic hemangiosarcoma consists of removing the spleen. Emergency surgery may be required if the tumor has ruptured, and the patient is bleeding into their abdomen.

Treatment for hemangiosarcoma of the heart is more challenging. Surgery may be possible in some cases, but not all. Because these tumors have a tendency to bleed, blood accumulates between the heart and the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, causing the heart to function poorly. Removing the pericardial sac can allow the fluid to be released into the chest cavity and relieve the pressure on the heart.

Survival time with surgery alone for tumors of the spleen and heart is around 3 months. With the addition of chemotherapy survival time is around 6-8 months. Shorter and longer times are possible.

Your scheduled visit to the Oncology Service at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals begins with check-in at the reception desk. Following a small amount of paperwork, you will be greeted in the waiting room by one or two veterinary students currently in their oncology clinical rotation, and brought to a private examination room.

The students will inquire about your pet's history. They may perform a physical examination of your pet, an invaluable experience for their education and development. We appreciate your patience and understanding in allowing these future veterinarians to interact with you and your pet.

The students will then leave to consult with a resident and faculty member about the history, physical examination and recommendations for case management. The faculty member or resident will accompany the student back to the examination room to examine your pet again and discuss the diagnosis, next steps, cost and logistics.

Often, you will be asked to leave your pet in the care of our students and clinicians so that we can begin appropriate testing, which can include blood tests and imaging studies. Given the schedule and potential need for consultations with other specialists regarding your pet's care, you may be asked to return to discuss our findings later in the day. Some animals with more serious conditions will be admitted to the hospital for further monitoring and treatment.

Bruzer

Bruzer is a playful, three-year-old Boxer-Mastiff mix.  His owners first noticed he was sick in the summer of 2011 when he stopped eating. Bruzer's primary care veterinarian treated him for hypercalcemia (high blood calcium) and renal failure. When Bruzer's condition did not improve, his primary care veterinarian referred him to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals.

After an extensive diagnostic work up, Bruzer was diagnosed with Stage Vb T cell lymphoma. He initially spent six days in the hospital before he was stable enough to be discharged, but left the hospital with a guarded prognosis.

Following his hospital stay, Bruzer was treated with a six-month protocol of chemotherapy, fluid treatments and medicine for kidney failure.

Through the dedication of Bruzer’s family, the veterinarians at CUHA and his primary care veterinarian, Bruzer has achieved 10 months of remission of his cancer, and passed the 1-year anniversary since his diagnosis. He still struggles with the damage the hypercalcemia did to his kidneys, but he continues to enjoy life to the fullest.

"Working with the veterinarians and staff of Cornell has been wonderful," said Jim Miller, Bruzer's owner. "The oncology department took exceptional care of him and made us feel comfortable even though we were dealing with a very difficult situation. We have been able to enjoy Bruzer for a year longer than we expected to have him, and that means so much to us."

American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
An organization responsible for establishing training requirements, evaluating and accrediting residency training programs, and examining and certifying veterinarians in the veterinary specialties of Cardiology, Oncology, Neurology, Large Animal Internal Medicine, and Small Animal Internal Medicine.

American College of Veterinary Radiology
An organization of veterinary specialists dedicated to the highest quality of service in diagnostic imaging and radiation oncology, to optimize veterinary patient care, and to advance the science of veterinary radiology and radiation oncology through research and education.

Veterinary Cancer Society
A professional veterinary organization dedicated to veterinary oncology that includes specialists in medical, surgical, and radiation oncology, internists, pathologists, pharmacologists and general practitioners worldwide.