Caprine Diagnostic Plans and Panels
Updated November 12, 2021
The following diagnostic plans have been developed primarily as an educational tool to assist the veterinarian in designing a complete, although not exhaustive, diagnostic strategy. To encourage veterinarians to select only the tests that are deemed clinically appropriate in each situation, the price of the diagnostic plan is not discounted from the sum of the individual test costs.
For the test groupings labeled as panels, there may be a discounted price versus the costs of the individual tests. Diagnostic plans and panels can be requested by writing the complete name as the test request. If appropriate samples are included all tests will be performed.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities for culture isolates are available upon request at an additional charge.
Caprine Abortion Fetal Tissue Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| (3) Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) PCR | BVDPCR |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 1 | BVDSN |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 2 | BVDSN2 |
|
| (2) Campylobacter fetus (Vibrio) FA | CAMPYFA |
|
| Campylobacter jejuni Culture | CAMPYJ |
|
| Chlamydophila abortus PCR | CABO |
|
| Cache Valley Fever SN | CVFSN |
|
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| (2) Leptospira PCR | LEPTPCR |
|
| Neospora IFA | NEO |
|
| Toxoplasma gondii lgG MAT |
|
|
| Toxoplasmosis FA | TOXFA |
|
Notes
If full necropsy desired, see necropsy testing.
Ship fresh tissue chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
If placentitis present, add Coxiella burnetii PCR (COXPCR) to placenta (abomasal contents or lung if placenta not available).
If indicated, add Border Disease SN (OBDVSN) to heart blood (serum), peritoneal, pleural or pericardial fluid in sterile red top tube.
If indicated, add Selenium on fetal liver.
If indicated, add Virus Isolation (VI) (ex: Caprine Herpesvirus 1) on fresh tissue: lung, placenta including cotyledons, abomasal contents, kidney, liver, heart, adrenal, skin.
Caprine Abortion Serology Panel + Selenium
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Bovine Fluorescence Polarization Assay | BRFPA |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 1 | BVDSN |
|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) SN, Type 2 | BVDSN2 |
|
| Cache Valley SN | CVFSN |
|
| Caprine Herpesvirus SN | CAHVSN |
|
| Chlamydophila CF | CHCF |
|
| Leptospira MAT, 5 standard serovars | LEPTO |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Toxoplasma gondii MAT |
|
Prices
$129.00 single
$229.00 paired (1 selenium)
Notes
Ship chilled.
When acute and convalescent samples are/will be collected, for most serology assays they should always be tested in parallel, and paired results interpreted. If acute samples are submitted alone please indicated if all tests should be performed. If second, convalescent samples are later submitted, tests on both samples will be run in parallel and fees for both samples will be charged. To avoid testing acute samples twice, hold and submit with convalescent samples. If convalescent samples will not be collected, or when infectious abortion is strongly suspected due to history, immediate testing of acute sample may be warranted.
Caprine Diarrhea Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fecal Floatation | FLOAT |
|
| Johne's AGID | JAGID |
|
| Johne's PCR | JGPCR |
|
| Salmonella culture | SALM |
|
Notes
Ship chilled, except for ParaPak® which should be kept at room temperature.
Johne's Fecal PCR, Caprine test on fresh feces may also be warranted for animals 6 months of age and older. In neonatal kids an Aerobic bacterial culture and a Rotavirus Latex Antigen Detection, Group A on feces should also be considered.
Caprine Neonatal Diarrhea Plan
Ante mortem
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Anaerobic Bacterial Culture | ANAER |
|
| Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin | CLPT |
|
|
Fecal Float (if >3 days of age) |
FLOAT |
|
| Gram stain | GRAM |
|
| Rotavirus Antigen Detection Grp A | RLA |
|
| Salmonella Culture | SALM |
|
Necropsy
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
|
Aerobic Bacterial Culture |
AER |
To Diagnose Septicemia
|
|
Anaerobic Bacterial Culture
|
ANAER |
|
| Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin | CLPT |
|
|
Fecal Float (if >3 days of age) |
FLOAT |
|
| Gram stain | GRAM |
|
| Field Necropsy Surcharge | HISTONIB | |
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Rotavirus Antigen Detection Grp A | RLA |
|
| Salmonella Culture | SALM |
|
Notes
Ante mortem: Ship chilled except for slides which should be kept at room temperature.
Necropsy: Ship fresh tissue and swab chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
Caprine Neurologic Diagnostic Plan
Please strongly consider rabies testing at your state health department.
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus PCR | EEEPCR |
|
| Field Necropsy Surcharge | HISTONIB | |
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Lead (blood) | BDLEAD |
|
| Lead (tissue) | NCOX |
|
| Listeria Culture | LISTCUL |
|
| West Nile Virus (WNV) PCR | WNVPCR |
|
| West Nile Virus (WNV) SN | WNVSN |
|
Notes
Ship chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing. Please indicate if rabies testing is pending.
Consider mosquito-borne virus testing based on compatible clinical signs, season, and geographic location.
Note that EEE is not reliably detected in EDTA whole blood (CSF and brain tissue are preferred), however EEE PCR is warranted on EDTA whole blood if other preferred samples are not available.
See Tissues for Rabies Diagnosis for photos of brain samples needed for rabies testing.
May also want to consider Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology which requires CSF in EDTA tube (LTT) and (2) air dried slides of CSF. Protect slides from formalin exposure.
If whole head is submitted a rabies brain extraction fee will be applied. Please submit completed NYS rabies specimen history form and write out clear instructions on what additional diagnostic tests should be performed.
Please note that additional referral diagnostics to consider with this plan may include Equine encephalomyelitis PRNT Panel (EEE, WEE, VEE). These referral diagnostics must be sent directly to their respective diagnostic testing laboratory for out of state submissions and those cases that are not under NY state contract. Visit our referral testing web page for referral lab contact information. Please contact the AHDC Veterinary Support Services team with any questions (vetsupport@cornell.edu, 607.253.3900).
Coagulation Panel, Large Animal
Panel Code: COAGPL
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fibrinogen | FIB |
|
| Prothrombin Time | PT |
|
| aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) | APTT |
|
Price
$44.00
Notes
Ship chilled.
Dermatology Diagnostic Plan
All skin biopsy submissions should be accompanied by a Dermatohistopathology Submission Form.
Deep lesion
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Fungal Culture | FUNGCM |
|
| Gram Stain | GRAM |
|
| Histopathology (biopsy) | HISTO |
|
| Parasite Identification | PID |
|
Superficial lesion
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fungal Culture | FUNGCM |
|
| Gram Stain | GRAM |
|
| Histopathology (biopsy) | HISTO |
|
| Skin Scraping | SSE |
|
Notes
Deep lesion samples: Ship chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
Superficial lesion samples: Ship at room temperature and protect from temperature extremes. Protect slides from formalin exposure.
Fever of Unknown Origin Diagnostic Plan
If case is chronic, virus isolation can be omitted if desired. If not previously performed a large animal chemistry panel may be warranted and serum (separated) or heparinized plasma would need to be submitted.
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| (3) Blood Culture, Aerobic | BLDAER |
|
| (3) Blood Culture, Anaerobic | BLDAN |
|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
|
Hemogram (CBC), Automated examination for blood parasites included |
CBCA |
|
|
(2) Virus Isolation nasal, whole blood |
VI |
|
Notes
Ship chilled except for blood culture bottles and slides which are shipped at room temperature.
See Blood Culture Technique for more information. To order blood culture bottles go to shipping services or call 607.253.3935.
It may be helpful to collect and bank a serum sample for possible acute and convalescent serology.
This diagnostic plan is designed to detect a broad spectrum of systemic bacterial, viral, and some blood parasite causes of acute fever of unknown origin, as well as certain inflammatory changes which may assist in determining the underlying problems. Viral causes of illness are best detected acutely and most are unlikely to be detected in a patient with a chronic fever of unknown origin. This plan is intended to be used as an adjunct to targeted, disease-specific testing appropriate to the species, clinical history and geographic location or conditions. See Small Animal Internal Medicine, 5th Edition, 2014, Nelson RW and Couto CG; Chapter 88: Fever of Unknown Origin, pages 1279-1282 for other ideas of testing.
Large Animal Basic Workup
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Hemogram (CBC), Automated | CBCA |
|
| Large Animal Chemistry | LA P |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.
Large Animal Renal Panel
Plan Code: LARGE RENAL
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Albumin | ALB |
|
| Anion Gap |
|
|
| Calcium | CA |
|
| Chloride | CL |
|
| Creatinine | CREAT |
|
| Phosphate (Phosphorus) | P |
|
| Potassium | K |
|
| Sodium | NA |
|
| Urea Nitrogen | BUN |
|
Price
$29.00
Notes
Ship chilled.
Ruminant Liver Panel
Plan Code: RUMI LIVER
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| A/G Ratio |
|
|
| Albumin | ALB |
|
| Aspartate Aminotransferase | AST |
|
| Bilirubin Panel (total, direct, indirect) | BILIP |
|
| Creatine kinase | CK |
|
| Gamma Glutamyl Transferase | GGT |
|
| Globulin |
|
|
| Glutamate Dehydrogenase, blood | GLDH |
|
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase, blood | SDH |
|
| Total Protein with Albumin and Globulins |
|
|
| Triglycerides | TRIG |
|
Price
$33.00
Notes
Ship chilled.
Small Ruminant Respiratory (Acute) Diagnostic Plan
Ante mortem
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Bovine Respir Syncytial Virus (BRSV) FA | BRSVFA |
|
| Chlamydophila PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Hemogram (CBC), Automated | CBCA |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
| Tracheal Wash Cytology | TWE |
|
| Virus Isolation | VI |
|
Necropsy
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
To Diagnose Septicemia
|
| Bovine Respir Syncytial Virus (BRSV) FA | BRSVFA |
|
| Chlamydophila PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Field Necropsy Surcharge | HISTONIB | |
| Histopathology | HISTO |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
| Virus Isolation | VI |
|
Notes
Testing for evidence of lungworms, Fecal Float may be warranted depending on season. Also selenium on an EDTA whole blood sample or liver (Selenium, tissue) and vitamin E on a serum sample (separated) may be appropriate in some situations. Limited serology testing is available but paired acute and convalescent serum samples for BRSV SN may be warranted in acute disease episodes.
Ante mortem: Ship chilled except for slides which should be kept at room temperature.
Necropsy: Ship fresh tissue and swab chilled and protect fixed tissue from freezing.
TTW fluid is a superior sample for detection of significant bacterial pathogens causing lower airway disease. Results of nasal or pharyngeal swab cultures must be interpreted with caution as many bacterial organisms may be present as normal commensals in the upper respiratory tract.
It may be helpful to collect and bank a serum sample for possible acute and convalescent serology.
Small Ruminant/Camelid Chronic Ill Thrift/Weight Loss
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) PCR | BVDPCR |
|
| Fecal Floatation | FLOAT |
|
| Fibrinogen (heat-precipitation) | FIB-SCH |
|
| Haemonchus Egg Test | HEGG |
|
| Hemogram, Routine | LA CBC |
|
| Johne's AGID | JAGID |
|
| Johne's Fecal Culture | JCNB |
|
| Large Animal Chemistry | LA P |
|
| Selenium, whole blood | SEL |
|
| Small Ruminant Lentivirus cELISA | SRLEL |
|
| Vitamin E in serum | NDIK |
|
Small Ruminant/Camelid Pinkeye Diagnostic Plan
| Tests Performed | Test Code | Samples Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Bacterial Culture | AER |
|
| Chlamydophila PCR | CHPCR |
|
| Mycoplasma Culture | MYCOPL |
|
Notes
Ship chilled.